Before explicating the thrust of Heller’s attack on endurantism, it is important to first lay out the stakes for the debate at hand, as understood by Heller. According to Heller, holding onto endurantist theory leads one to at least one of a number of unpleasant alternatives, namely the following:

Log in to see images! There is no such thing as my body

Log in to see images! There is no physical object in the space that we would typically say is now exactly occupied by all of me other than my left hand

(C) No physical object can undergo a loss of parts

(D) There can be distinct physical objects exactly occupying the same space at the same time

(E) Identity is not transitive (Heller, 329)

The gravity of the stakes at hand seems readily apparent at the first glance, so if one is to take the stakes seriously, one must carefully analyze the arguments presented by Heller to determine what consequences will follow. Of particular interest will be alternatives Log in to see images! and©, (D) then appears to be a truly undesirable outcome.