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EVEN IF YOU ADD A GREAT AMMOUNT OF SUGAR TO A PILE OF ****, IT WILL NEVER BECOME A DOUGHNUT | |||||||
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futhermocker Posted:
there are by far more reagent chemicals in there |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:34PM | View ANGRY HOBO's Profile | # | ||||||
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futhermocker Posted:
hahahahaha holy fuick youre retarted ya lol. indola’s the only ingredient in a poop :eyerolls: its the only ingredient in your posts so i recomend mods to edit all ur posts to ‘indole’ Log in to see images! |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:35PM | View 1337xxxxxxxxxlol...'s Profile | # | ||||||
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lol futherwhatever is a fecolphile, why else would he try to convince us that **** can taste sweet Log in to see images! This is the part where Single Tingle turns into Double Trouble and ends up in If you don’t fall for the joke, you get to be in on it. |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:35PM | View Adapt's Profile | # | ||||||
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futhermocker Posted: So off the top of your head you know why **** smells bad? Good job Log in to see images! Auser edited this message on 03/10/2009 5:37PM Log in to see images!
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Take a moment to enjoy an awesome song mixed with clips from The Watchman(since youtube is useless for proper music videos now) |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:37PM | View Auser's Profile | # | ||||||
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Yes there are by far more reagent chemicals, but carbohydrates are amazingly stable to most chemicals. Sometimes the only way to break them down is to seal them up with 98% sulfuric acid and boil them overnight, or use enzymes.
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:37PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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Auser Posted:
I'M A SIG-DISABLING COCKMONGLER
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:38PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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1337xxxlolololxxx1337 Posted:
Ok since you’re so knowledgeable on the subject of poop, why don’t you tell me exactly what it is that breaks down sugar in poop?
I'M A SIG-DISABLING COCKMONGLER
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:39PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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futhermocker Posted:
Enjoy literally studying ****? Log in to see images!
Log in to see images!
Take a moment to enjoy an awesome song mixed with clips from The Watchman(since youtube is useless for proper music videos now) |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:39PM | View Auser's Profile | # | ||||||
Wow, I can learn something from Forumwarz.com forums Log in to see images!
Great site! Keep it up boys Log in to see images! |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:40PM | View GGH's Profile | # | ||||||
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“I KNOW WHAT WILL CONVINCE THEM, ILL USE WHAT I LEARNED IN MY HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY CLbum TO TRY TO TALK OVER THEIR HEADS, GEE I HOPE I CAN REMEMBER HOW EVERYTHING WORKS, BUT IF I DON’T THATS OK I STILL HAVE WIKIPEDIA” Log in to see images! This is the part where Single Tingle turns into Double Trouble and ends up in If you don’t fall for the joke, you get to be in on it. |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:40PM | View Adapt's Profile | # | ||||||
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GGH Posted:
I'M A SIG-DISABLING COCKMONGLER
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:43PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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god you been proved totally WRONG and u just keep postin your ignroant view fo fecal chemistry. just read this if u don’t get it: E. W. Crampton and I. R. C. Jackson Studies—XXVI) Digestibility by Steers and Sheep. (Pasture Pasture Herbage and the Relation to Its Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition of J Anim Sci 1944. 3:333-339. information and services, is located on the World The online version of this article, along with updated www.asas.org Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. Wide Web at: www.asas.org Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. SEASONAL VARIATION IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PASTURE HERBAGE AND THE RELATION TO ITS DIGESTI. BILITY BY STEERS AND SHEEP. (PASTURE STUDIES—XXVI) E. W. CRAmPTON AND I. R. C. JACKSON McGill University 1 T HE digestibility of the dry matter of pasture herbage under eastern Canadian conditions may vary from 8o percent in the early spring to 6o percent or less during mid-summer. The factors which cause these changes in digestibility are not fully known, but there is reason to believe that changes in digestibility reflect changes in nutritive value of feed. It is unlikely that either amount or quality of protein limit the feeding value of pasturage to grazing ruminants. The protein content of such material normally does not fall below x S percent and ruminant digestion appears to be wholly independent of amino acids in the diet. It is presumed that synthesis of necessary amino acids may occur in the rumen from a variety of sources of dietary nitrogen. Available energy, on the other hand, is correlated with the feeding value of any ration. Since ration energy losses through incomplete digestion of the potential energy yielding fractions are variable between different diets, it is bumumed that seasonal trends in the digestibility of the energy-yielding portions of pasture herbage indicate seasonal changes in the nutritive value of such feed. Critical examination of data from this station reveals that, excepting for protein which shows little change in magnitude and none which follows season, the seasonal trends in the digestibility of the several fractions of the mixed pasturage involved in this study follow closely the trend of digestibility of the total dry matter eaten. Therefore, the discussion following will involve the digestibility of total dry matter only unless otherwise noted. It may be of interest, however, to state the order of the digestibility of certain of the feed fractions as determined from the past two years’ work on this problem. The range covers the pasture season. Range Average Crude Protein 7~79~ 760”/0 Ether Extract ~5-6x 4 x Crude Fibre 57-8~ 69 Nitrogen.Free Extract 68~78 75 Cellulose 4x-84 74 Soluble Carbohydrate 75-85 8o “Lignin’” (Dif.) ~-58 34 Total Dry Matter .68-8o 7x a C-~mtribution from Faculty of Agriculture, McGill University, Macdonald Cx~llege, Quebec, Canada. Journal Series No. ~89. Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. 334 E. W. CRAMPTON AND I. R. C. JACKSON If seasonal change in digestibility can be taken as an index of change in feeding value of pasture herbage, then this figure should be useful as a basis for studying the accuracy of schemes of chemical description intended to depict or predict feeding value of such material. For the past three seasons, the herbage from an experimental pasture has been fed either to steers or sheep. In the case of steers, the material was cut and fed at once to animals confined to digestion stalls on the area. During the past season artificially dried clippings, taken every three weeks, were fed to sheep in digestion stalls. During the 194i season but three digestion periods were actually carried out. In i94~ our records give a daily digestion coefficient throughout the full season. In this paper, the latter data have been grouped into seven three-week periods. The season trends in the digestibility of the dry matter for the three seasons are shown in figure ~. It is not to be expected that these curves would coincide, but it is noteworthy that their trends are similar from early spring to mid-summer. During this period the decline in digestibility is marked, X”’,; / ,%. ../ Figure I. Seasonal trends in digestibility of dry matter. and coincides with the maturing of the plants. There may also be changes in botanical composition during this time. (See table 3.) After about July x, the digestibility may either continue to fall, or rise to spring level.s, depending on climatic conditions. The season of i94i was exceedingly dry, while I943 was the wettest season recorded for about 5o years with no dry hot period during the summer. Rate of gain of grazing cattle also followed roughly these trends in digestibility of the dry matter of the forage. Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. VARIATION IN COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PASTURE 335 Presumably these seasonal changes in the digestibility of pasture herbage are the result of changes in chemical composition. It is interesting to note. the extent to which such changes in chemical make,up were correlated with the trend in digestibility. Data are available for the I94~ season and i943 season only. Table i gives the data for I94~. (The figures for daily feces output are of no particular interest at present.) TABLE i. SEASONAL TRENDS IN COMPOSITION OF MIXED PASTURE HERBAGE TOGETHER WITH DATA FOR i) DIGESTIBILITY OF DRY MATTER, ~) AVERAGE DAILY FECES DRY MATTER OUTPUT (x94 ~ SEASON—STEERS) May 18 I Dig. of dry matter (%) [ 76 Av. daily feces on I7. 5 lbs. D.M. intake (lbs.) 3.6 Composition of herbage Crude protein (%) Crude fibre (%) N-Free extract (%) Insoluble residue (%) Lignin* (%) Lignin** (%) Soluble carbohydrate I6.~ :z4.6 45.7 34.4 9.9, 7.4 41.6 June 1 75 4.3 I8.3 9`3.7 44.8 34.5 9.6 5.6 41.1 June June 17 ~7 7 ~ 65 4-7 5.7 I4.i 21.I ~7.6 ~I. I 46-7 45.6 36.7 3o.8 m.5 lO.6 19,.6 4.9, 4 ~.9 42.3 Correlation of fractions July Aug. Sept. with digesti, ~7 ~6 ~5 bility of dry matter 7 ~ 7 ~ 6. I 5.~ I7. 9 I8.3 20.0 I8.9 48.~ 5o.5 ~9.9 3o.4 11.6 11.1 6.9` 9.4 43.4 4 ~.8 68 5.3 I9.7 I7.o 49.~ e9. I 9.9 9.3 41.1 — o. 696 o.59I —o.4~ 5 0.737 —o.6*6 o.~3 I -o.o8~ * Method of Crampton and Maynard, 1938. ** Method of Crampt,on and Whiting, i94~. One of the first things to be noted in these data is the negative and high correlation between crude protein and digestibility of the herbage. This is strong evidence towards refuting the claim that treatment to pastures resulting in increased protein correspondingly increases the nutritive value of such pastures when their lowest level of protein was much above the needs of the steers or sheep. This is true also of crude fibre and insoluble residue3 These correlations are positive but would be negative if increases in crude fibre or in cellulose +lignin decreased nutritive value. The explanation obviously lies in the high digestibility of cellulose by ruminants. Insoluble residue, for practical purposes, may be taken as comparable to crude fibre obtained by omitting the dilute alkali treatment. It differs from crude fibre, therefore, in that it contains the lignin as well as the cellulose. (See JOUr- NAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, V. 9., No. 4, P. ~78, 1949..) Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. 336 E. W. C~a~x~ro~ AND I. R. C. JACKSON Lignin, which it was believed might prove a useful index, is still an uncer- .rain factor. Our studies have shown that “formaldehyde lignin” is probably too high. Lignin by the method proposed by Crampton and Whiting (I94~) (i.e. by difference) gives values more nearly in line with the 72 percent sulphuric acid method. In the i942 results “formaldehyde lignin” was negatively correlated, while “lignin by difference” was only slightly but posi, tively correlated with digestibility of the dry matter. The I943 data involving artificially dried clippings fed to sheep are shown in table 2. TABLE ~. SEASONAL TRENDS IN COMPOSITION OF MIXED PASTURE HERBAGE TOGETHER WITH DATA FOR x) DIGESTIBILITY OF DRY MATTER, 2) AVERAGE DALLY FECES DRY MATTER OUTPUT (~943 SEASON—SHEEP) Dig. of dry matter (%) Av. daily feces on 1r76 gins. D.M. iiltake (gins.) Composition of herbage Crude protein (%) Crude fibre (%) N,Free extract (%) Insoluble residue (%) Lignin* (%) Lignin** (%) Soluble carbohydrate June I 75 ~89 17.9 ~o. 9 48. 29.8 lO. 4 5.6 4~. 7 June 69 ~67 I7.3 17.3 48. i 3~.8 11.4 6.6 4~.o 69 363 19.7 45”.3 31.8 8.9 38.7 Aug, 4 72 3~ I7,9 43.3 32.0 7.0,2` 7.5. 37- 3 I Correlation of fractions Aug. Sept. with digest, ~5 ~ ibility of dry matter 73 75. 3r9 ~9 o ~5.8 2`6-3 0.337 ~7-9 15.-4 —0.063 43.8 46.2` 0.075 3 ~ 3 “~5-7 —0.080 2o.0 16.9 —o.oo3 8.i 5..4 —o.663 36.8 41.8 o.3io * Method of Crampton and Maynard, t938. ** Method of Crarapton and Whiting, 194~. Here crude fiber shows no appreciable correlation in trend with digesti, bility of dry matter; nor does insoluble residue or ”’formaledehyde lignin.” Protein is slightly correlated. The “iignin by difference” shows a high and negative correlation; but the change in lignin values during the season is small. In connection with these data, the change in botanical make,up of the herbage is interesting. (Readings represent ground cover.) Evidently change in clover content did not correlate with change in digestibility. Indeed the highest digestibility was found in the periods when the clover content was least. The influx of clover, however, undoubtedly was a factor in the climb in percent protein in the mixed herbage from spring to fall. Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. VARIATION IN COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PASTURE 337 The trends in the composition of the herbage for the two seasons x94~ and i943 are shown graphically in figures ~-5. There is no rhyme nor reason to the crude fibre trends: the protein trends are influenced by change in botanical composition; nitrogendree extract is naturally complementary to protein as is soluble carbohydrate. Insoluble residue, which is really crude fibre not treated with alkali, drops from spring to fall but fails to be low in the spring as it would be if it were to serve as an index of digestibility. The combined soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein, which might be taken TABLE 3. DIGESTIBILITY OF ARTIFICIALLY DRIED CLIPPINGS OF MIXED PASTURAGE BY SHEEP (1943 SEASON) Date Digestibility of dry Notes re herbage as clipped clipped matter June I 75.4% June zi July 14 Aug. 4 Aug.~5 Sept. 15 68.8% 69. i% 71.8% 7~-9% 75.3% Herbage about Io inches in height. Botanical make.up was: Grbumes 65%— Timothy 4~% Ky. Blue Couch Grbum i: Clovers 3o%— Wild White I4 Alsike I3 Red 3 Weeds x4%— Daisy, Dandelion. Herbage 6-8 inches tall. Clovers now 5o% of ground cover. Herbage 5 inches tall. Clovers about 55% of ground cover. Weeds are few; grbumes chiefly timothy and red top. Clovers now make up 65% of ground cover; grbumes 3o% and weeds 5%. No readings. Clovers reduced to 4~%, mostly wild white; grbumes 55% with 90% of it timothy; weeds 3%. in non-herbivors as an index of total energy value, does not follow the same trend in the two seasons. “Lignin” as estimated by either of two methods can not be relied on to indicate the trends in digestibility of dry matter in this type of feedstuff. General Observations and Conclusions Under eastern Canadian conditions, mixed pasturage consisting principally of timothy, red top, blue grbum, with or without wild white clover, is the most important single feedstuff for dairy cattle. Through long neglect, many pastures are badly run down and the nutritive value of the herbage is obviously low. Fertilizer treatments restore such areas to increased carry- Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. 338 E.W. CRAM~O~q A~D I. R. C. JACKSO~q .S,,~,.w x..,,a … c , , . e , ~ 4~tz~’~,,,, ~,~,. N”,,,,.~:- ”~= :”~”: ~. . . . . . . . ~ ~, ,,/, ~u ,i \ ””“k ’, / ,.~,:...._:~: ....... .._/.:: ........ ./: k ~__…...’” j~ – j~$ ~ ~,~’~. .~2 ,70 ___.. .,~-: ...... . ......... ~,: \ f g/ / .7::2.~ ,. .9 …/.f 4. .z ..~ .. . ... ... .......... J /\ , i 7 ~ – ” ~j~”~ ~q~..-’. ”-~ Figure 2 (upper left). Seasonal trends in crude fibre and protein content of mixed pasture herbage. Figure 3 (upper right). Seasonal trends in insoluble residue and soluble carbohydrates pins soluble protein. Figure 4 (lower left). Seasonal trends in nitrogen-free extract and soluble carbohydrate. Figure 5 (lower right). Seasonal trends in lignin. ing capacity, some of which is traceable to an improvement in the nutritive value of the herbage and some to increase in yield of forage. Improvement in nutritive value has been claimed for different treatments in many pasture studies on the basis of a resulting increase in protein and/or Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. VARIATION IN COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PASTURE 339 decrease in fibre content of the herbage. In the light of the data above presented, such conclusions are unwarranted. Neither of these proximate principles differ significantly in their digestibility from each other or from that of the total dry matter. Furthermore, changes in either fraction during the season are either not correlated at all, or are correlated contrary to expectation with the concomitant changes in the digestibility of the dry matter eaten. Protein and fibre fail as indices of nutritive value as do all other fractions reported in this paper. There appears to be a characteristic steady decline in the digestibility of pasture herbage dry matter from values of ‘the order of 75 percent for early spring grbum to 6o percent some six weeks later. Digestibility from this time on may rise again, further decline, or remain at the mid-summer level, apparently not depending on chemical changes indicated by standard feedingstuffs analysis or its modifications herein described, but closely paralleling local climatic conditions of moisture and temperature. The authors believe it is much easier to predict, from observation of seasonal conditions, the probable chemical make-up of the herbage than its digestibility. The digestibility of mixed pasture herbage by steers and by sheep appears to follow quite closely the leaf/stem ratio existing at the time. A wide ratio means high digestibility which decreases as the material increases in propor, tion of stems. This is not a new idea, but it is one which may hold the secret of measurement of the nutritive value of such a highly variable feed as pasture. Changes in the toughness of the stems noticeable in clipping, but too small to be evident on casual observation, are promptly reflected in increased feces output on constant levels of feed intake. It seems reasonable that these changes are accompanied by or the result of some change in chemical composition which could be easily measured. It is possible that changes in the activity and nature of rumen flora of microorganisms are occasioned by chemical and/or physical changes in the herbage which in turn are reflected in “digestibility” of the ration. These may include or consist of factors not now measured in the usual feedingstuffs analysis. Certainly it is known that treatments of cellulosic ma. terials with numerous chemicals, particularly alkal{, to partly do what bacteria seem to do in the rumen, results in an increase in their digestibility and nutritive value. Literature Cited Crampton, E. W. and L. A. Maynard, x938. The Relation of Cellulose and Lignin Content to the Nutritive Value of Animal Feeds. J. Nutrition xS, No. 4: 383-397- Crampton, E. W. and Frank Whiting, i94~.. A Proposed Scheme of Feedingstuffs Analysis. JouR~qAt oF ANIMAL SCIENCE ~, NO. 4: 9-7~’~8A” Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. Citations cles http://jas.fbum.or #otherarti articles: by 1 HighWire-hosted This article has been cited Downloaded from jas.fbum.org by on March 10, 2009. 1337xxxxxxxxxlolololololololololxxxxxxxxx1337 edited this message on 03/10/2009 5:45PMLog in to see images! |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:44PM | View 1337xxxxxxxxxlol...'s Profile | # | ||||||
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LOL AT ANGRY HOBO’S JOKINGLY TITLED THREAD RANDOMLY TROLLING SOMEONE AND TURNING THIS WHOLE THREAD INTO SRS BUSINESS Log in to see images!
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Take a moment to enjoy an awesome song mixed with clips from The Watchman(since youtube is useless for proper music videos now) |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:47PM | View Auser's Profile | # | ||||||
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Auser Posted:
i’m lulzing all the way through, but I’m impressed someone actually went as far as DIGGING UP A JOURNAL ON FW lol holy **** the internet IS srs business
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:48PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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Hey guyz I think you’ll find **** smells exactly this way. I know because I do chemistry and I Log in to see images! Log in to see images!
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Take a moment to enjoy an awesome song mixed with clips from The Watchman(since youtube is useless for proper music videos now) |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:50PM | View Auser's Profile | # | ||||||
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its a random c/p about poop and u keep arguing a seriously unfunny point if you dont get why youre the retard i dont think this is the forum for u Log in to see images! |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:50PM | View 1337xxxxxxxxxlol...'s Profile | # | ||||||
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ANYWAY AT LEAST WE ALL AGREE THAT **** CAN’T BECOME A DOUGHNUT DON’T WE? OR DO YOU WISH TO TAKE THAT ONE FURTHER TOO FURTHERMOCKER?
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:55PM | View Auser's Profile | # | ||||||
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In all fairness it takes two to argue, and I really didn’t think I’d be worth anyone’s time, I was just doing it for the lulz but it got all SRS BUSINESS.
Well to lighten up the mood a bit: PROOF THAT CHEMISTRY = SEX Log in to see images!
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:55PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||
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Nicco Posted:
Hey, chemistry is my daughter Log in to see images! |
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:57PM | View Physics's Profile | # | ||||||
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Auser Posted:
lol that much is obvious
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Posted On: 03/10/2009 5:57PM | View futhermocker's Profile | # | ||||||